Jesus "denounces religious hypocrisy, behaviour that wants to show off, attitudes that seek applause and approval," the Pope said in his homily during Mass in St. Peter's Basilica Feb. 13. "The true disciple does not serve himself or the 'public,' but his Lord, in simplicity and generosity."
Coming two days after Pope Benedict announced that he would be the first Pope in 700 years to resign, the Mass inevitably took on a valedictory tone.
"For me it is also a good opportunity to thank everyone, especially the faithful of the diocese of Rome, as I prepare to conclude the Petrine ministry, and I ask you for a special remembrance in your prayer," the Pope told the congregation, including dozens of cardinals and bishops, filling the vast basilica.
The Ash Wednesday liturgy, traditionally held in two churches on Rome's Aventine Hill, was moved to St. Peter's to accommodate the greatest possible number of faithful.
At the end of the Mass, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, who as secretary of state is the Vatican's highest official, voiced gratitude for Pope Benedict's pontificate of nearly eight years.
"Thank you for giving us the luminous example of a simple and humble labourer in the vineyard of the Lord," Bertone said, invoking the same metaphor Pope Benedict had used in his first public statement following his election in 2005.
His voice cracking slightly with emotion, Bertone described Benedict as a "labourer who knew at every moment to do what is most important, bring God to men and bring men to God."
Following the cardinal's remarks, the congregation broke into a standing ovation that lasted well over a minute, ceasing only after the Pope, looking surprised but not displeased, said: "Thank you, let's return to prayer."
The Pope showed signs of the fatigue and frailty that have become increasingly evident over the last year and a half and which he had cited in announcing his resignation. At the beginning of the liturgy, he walked from his sacristy near the chapel that contains Michelangelo's statue of the Pieta to the atrium of the basilica, but then rode his mobile platform to the main altar.
During the Mass, Cardinal Angelo Comastri, archpriest of St. Peter's, placed the Lenten ashes on the Pope's head. The Pope himself placed ashes on the heads of several cardinals and a group of Dominican and Benedictine priests.
The Pope's last homily included a plea for harmony among his flock, as he lamented "blows against the unity of the Church, divisions in the ecclesial body" and called for a "more intense and evident ecclesial communion, overcoming individualisms and rivalries." Such communion favours evangelization, the Pope said, by serving as a "humble and precious sign for those who are distant or indifferent to the faith."